I disagree that dividend investing is passive. You must do significant research before choosing individual companies and then watch them like a hawk to notice business changes before you dividends get cut. Index investing or letting others invest for you are the only truly passive investing. This can be done in the stock market (but they usually don’t outperform the S&P500), or in real estate through syndications. As I do both dividend investing and real estate investing, my experience is that finding and owning single-family rentals is less work and more reward. Most investing involves significant work upfront followed by only a little work while owning. I use property management companies and spend less than 5 hours per month on my portfolio of 8 properties.